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}} Karel Zeman (November 3, 1910 – April 5, 1989) was a Czech film director, artist, production designer and animator, best known for directing fantasy films combining live-action footage with animation. Because of his creative use of special effects and animation in his films, he has often been called the "Czech Méliès." ==Life== Zeman was born on November 3, 1910, in Ostroměř (near Nová Paka) in what was then Austria-Hungary.〔 Published online: (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.j-verne.de/verne_zeman_engl.html )〕 At his parents' insistence, he studied business at high school in Kolín. In the 1920s, he studied at a French advertising school, and worked at an advertising studio in Marseilles until 1936. It was in France that he first worked with animation, filming an ad for soap.〔 He then returned to his home country (by now the First Czechoslovak Republic, known as Czechoslovakia), after visiting Egypt, Yugoslavia, and Greece. Back in Czechoslovakia, Zeman advertised for Czech firms like Baťa and Tatra.〔 In 1939 he attempted to make an extended stay in Casablanca, but was barred by the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia established by Nazi Germany; unable to get the necessary papers in time, Zeman was required to remain in his home country during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia.〔 At Baťa's window-dressing school, where he was teaching, Zeman met the animator Elmar Klos and showed him a sample of his work. Klos offered Zeman a job at Zlín's animation studio. After some consideration (his wife and children were already established in Brno), Zeman accepted the job in 1943.〔 At the studio, Zeman worked as an assistant to the pioneering animator Hermína Týrlová, and in 1945 he became the director of the stop-motion animation production group.〔Hames, p. 196〕 The same year, in collaboration with his brother , he made his first short film, ''Vánoční sen'' ("A Christmas Dream"). The short, which combined animated puppets with live-action footage, marked the beginning of Zeman's experiments with new techniques and genres. Zeman then went on to solo work, including a series of satirical cartoon shorts starring a puppet called Mr. Prokouk; the series was a wide success and the character became a Czech favorite.〔 A bet Zeman accepted, challenging him to discover a method of working with glass in animation,〔 led to the unusual short ''Inspirace'' ("Inspiration," 1948), which tells a wordless, poetic love story using animated glass figurines.〔 Zeman then went on to the half-hour film ''Král Lávra'' (1950), based on the satirical poem by Karel Havlíček Borovský;〔 the film won a National Award.〔 In 1952, Zeman completed his first feature film, ''Poklad ptačího ostrova'' ("The Treasure of Bird Island," 1952). It was based on a Persian fairy tale and took its visual inspiration from Persian paintings,〔 combining multiple animation techniques in two- and three-dimensional space.〔 It was in 1955, however, that Zeman began the work for which he is most well-known: six feature films designed artistically to combine live-action and animation techniques.〔 These were: *''Cesta do pravěku'' (1955), inspired by Jules Verne's ''Journey to the Center of the Earth'' and the paintings of Zdeněk Burian *''Vynález zkázy'' (1958), based on Verne's ''Facing the Flag'', and filmed to emulate the original illustrations for Verne's novels *''Baron Prášil'' (1961), celebrating the legendary Baron Munchausen and the engravings of Gustave Doré *''Bláznova kronika'' (1964), a satire of the Thirty Years' War, suggested by the drawings of Matthäus Merian *''Ukradená vzducholoď'' (1967), inspired by the Verne novels ''Two Years' Vacation'' and ''The Mysterious Island'', the Art Nouveau style, and the 1891 Prague Centennial Exhibition *''Na kometě'' (1970), an anti-war fantasy based on Verne's ''Hector Servadac'' He was a member of the jury at the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival in 1961〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2nd Moscow International Film Festival (1961) )〕 and at the 7th Moscow International Film Festival in 1971.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=7th Moscow International Film Festival (1971) )〕 The Czechoslovakian government awarded him the title of National Artist in 1970. After his live-action films, Zeman experimented with more classical forms of animation, beginning with seven shorts about Sinbad the Sailor which were then expanded into the feature film ''Pohádky tisíce a jedné noci'' (1974).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072004/trivia?tab=mc&ref_=tt_trv_cnn )〕 His final films were ''Čarodějův učeň'' (1977), from the novel ''The Satanic Mill'' by Otfried Preußler, and ''Pohádka o Honzíkovi a Mařence'' (1980). On November 3, 1980, in celebration of Zeman's seventieth birthday, President Gustáv Husák awarded him the Order of the Republic.〔 Zeman died in Gottwaldov (present-day Zlín) on April 5, 1989,〔 a few months before the Velvet Revolution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karel Zeman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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